Friday, October 25, 2013

Anthropology of Nature: Natural Design

This blog entry is part of a project for the class Anthropology of Nature. 

2013 October 25
Biomimicry
  How might such solutions, products, or knowledge change your life?

Janine Benyus'   dream is that by integrating biomimicry into chemical and physical engineering we can increase the efficiency of our living, the quality of our living, and reduce the negative impact (or simply impact) of these advances on our one and only planet.   Professor Benyus that there are   organisms out there that have already solved the problems that   we, as a technologically advanced species, have spent untold years trying to solve. She says we need to look towards the Earth's biosphere, to the more than 30 million well-adapted solutions to, quite possibly literally, all of life's problems. These solutions come with 3.8 billion years of field-testing, with the failed proposed solutions naturally removed from the table by a failure to thrive. She presents twelve idealistic and, in my opinion, quite realistic, solutions to modern technological problems via biomimicry, or drawing on the natural world for inspiration and adaption of Mother Nature's "trade secrets".

What is innovative about the product or idea presented?

Professor Benyus argues that the problems of modern engineering and modern technological advancement is not a lack of innovation but a lack of integration. Many of the proposed biomimicry solutions reduce, and possibly remove, the need for hazardous and non-biodegradable chemicals. This is not a cry against "unnatural dangerous chemicals" like so many sadly misinformed would-do-wells railing against "unnatural preservatives" in canned goods, but using mankind's technology to imitate and fabricate the chemicals found in nature that do what we need them to do. An example of this is aspirin. We have taken salicylic acid, a phenolic acid from the bark of a tree, and found it to have pain relieving properties. However, this acid wreaks minor havoc on the human stomach lining. By imitating nature and creating acetylsalicylic acid we have reproduced the pain relieving properties while removing much of its volatile nature.


Why does the solution, products, or knowledge benefit the planet?

Consider the basic model of acetylsalicylic acid as we idealize this same process as superimposed upon novel solutions of nature. A surface with a particular texture that bends and reflects light in such a way as to remove the need for pigments and paint (chemicals and the chemical residual waste). Consider the energy harvesting device inside bacterium being used to model a fuel cell that takes up hydrogen and produces energy without rare metals...a solution to the fuel crises (yes, plural). Or a water collecting device that draws nearly pure water out of the atmosphere, to quench the thirst of desert children. This biomimicry has the potential to reduce our negative impact on the planet while increasing our quality of life and success of humanity as a whole!

How does the solution, products, or knowledge transform human-nature relationships?

"And thirdly, how does life make things disappear into   systems? Because life doesn't really deal in things; there are   no things in the natural world divorced from their systems."
All of Professor Benyus's proposed solutions bring technology more in line with the human race being a Part of Nature, a Part of the Environment that uses the materials and strategies of our fellow beings, and less a species that uses our limited environment as an ends to a tenuous and fleeting means.


Identify possible pitfalls in the solutions, products, and knowledge presented.

The problems, as I see them, are a remaining reliance on fouling technology (that is, technology that fouls the environment in a devastating manner) in developing these green technologies. Do we simply ignore that as the End justifies the Means? Is that not exactly what modern technology does anyway? We now sacrifice resources and biospheric longevity in favor of human "advancement", will we simply polish a broken window in cause more environmental havoc in a quest to be "green" (the way we feel better about ourselves and our compact fluorescent lightbulbs that we source cheaply from China though their environmental protection standards could be considered nightmarish compared to our own)?

The ideas presented sound miraculous, and something akin to turning the human species into a race of beings desiring peace and time in the garden and living by the ethos of "harm none" while exploring a digital Britannica on a yeast-powered bamboo-shelled laptop with mother-of-pearl processors and recycled copper wiring, and a biofilm screen based on the iridescent dragonfly wing that self-repairs scratches and uses reflective light to brighten the screen in the way a cat's eye reflects so very little light into visible pictures on its optic nerve. I love this idea, I do, but I do not believe this fits the human nature to conquer and usurp and, well, capitalize. The idea is very Ferngully, very Avatar, very, beautiful and, I think, unrealistic. Tell the companies they can make a mint through less resources and less cost of waste disposal and more consumption and maybe, just maybe, you could get this "streamline, waste less, poison less" idea into someone's boardroom and under their grant signing pen.

Resources:

TedTalk (2005). Janine Benyus: Biomimicry's surprising lessons from nature's engineers. Retrieved form http://www.ted.com/talks/janine_benyus_shares_nature_s_designs.html

Biomimicry 3.8 (2012). Janine Benyus. Retrieved from http://biomimicry.net/about/our-people/founders/janine-benyus/

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